Abstract
Human rights are often seen as universal principles, but their protection is frequently limited by national borders and sovereignty. Many people continue to face violations of their rights due to political oppression, weak institutions, or neglect by governments. Even smaller and less developed nations are being oppressed by bigger and more developed nations. This situation raises a pressing question: how can human rights be protected effectively in a world divided by national borders and laws? This study explored the relevance of John Locke’s philosophy of natural rights in shaping a moral approach to global governance. It sought to understand how Lockean views can guide the international community in protecting human dignity beyond state borders. The study employed a qualitative research methodology, utilising analytical, historical-critical, expository, and descriptive approaches to interpret the relevance of Locke’s ideas on natural rights to modern governance context. It analysed the tension between state sovereignty and universal moral obligations, and the role of international institutions such as the United Nations, and evaluated the challenges of enforcing rights in a fragmented world. It is established that global institutions, treaties, and collective consent among nations are essential tools for promoting and protecting human rights. Challenges such as cultural diversity, political interests, and the lack of a central enforcement authority complicate implementation, yet these obstacles do not diminish the ethical obligation to act. The study recommended strengthening international cooperation, ensuring accountability through global institutions, and promoting shared responsibility among states.
Authors:
Professor Idorenyin Francis Esikot
Andrew -Essien, Ubong Sunday
Department of Philosophy,
University of Uyo.